Йокогама как пишется на английском

yokohama

YOKOHAMA — Ville récente, ce qui est rare au Japon, Yokohama est née en 1859, lorsque le traité imposé par les Américains ouvrit la baie de T 拏ky 拏 aux étrangers, qui édifièrent sur la plage un centre commercial et résidentiel. Des installations portuaires… … Encyclopédie Universelle

Yokohama — (Jokohama), bedeutendster Handelshafen Japans, unter 35°27 nördl. Br., an der Südostküste der Insel Nippon, am Südwestufer der Yokohamabai, einem westlichen Einschnitt der Tokiobai, 37 km von deren Einfahrt in der Uragastraße, durch Eisenbahn mit … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

YOKOHAMA — YOKOHAMA, city in Japan. Opened to foreign trade by Japan in 1859, Yokohama soon blossomed into the country s major port. Among the Westerners who settled here were Jewish merchants and professional people, some of whose graves may still be seen… … Encyclopedia of Judaism

Yokohama — Yokohama: Иокогама  город в Японии; Yokohama Rubber Company  японская компания, производитель шин. Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou манга. См. также Иокогама (значения) … Википедия

Yokohama — Yokohama, japan. Handelsstadt, s. Jokohama … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

Yokohama — (横浜) es la capital de la Prefectura de Kanagawa en Japón, y el mayor puerto del país. En 2003, la ciudad tenía una población de 3.519.103 habitantes, con una densidad de 8.050 hab./km². Es la segunda mayor ciudad de Japón tras Tokyo. Su… … Enciclopedia Universal

Yokohama — [yō΄kə hä′mə] seaport on Tokyo Bay, Japan, south of Tokyo: pop. 2,774,000 … English World dictionary

Yokohama — Infobox City Japan Name= Yokohama JapaneseName= 横浜市 Map Region= Kantō Prefecture= Kanagawa District= Area km2= 437.35 PopDate= June 2008 Population= 3,645,507 Density km2= 8335 Coords= LatitudeDegrees= 35 LatitudeMinutes= 27 LatitudeSeconds=… … Wikipedia

Перевод «Yokohama» на русский

Иокогама, Йокохама — самые популярные переводы слова «Yokohama» на русский. Пример переведенного предложения: Yokohama is a city where more than three million people live. ↔ Иокогама — город, где живёт более трёх миллионов человек.

A city in Honshu, Japan. [..]

английский — русский словарь

Иокогама

a city of Japan [..]

Yokohama is a city where more than three million people live.

Иокогама — город, где живёт более трёх миллионов человек.

Yokohama

Yokohama ( 横浜市 , Yokohama-shi ) is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture and, with a population of 3.6 million, Japan’s largest city after Tokyo, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū. Yokohama is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area. Yokohama was a small fishing village until Commodore Matthew Perry and his United States navy ships forced the Japanese shogunate to open some ports to foreign trade. Yokohama was thought to be sufficiently isolated, and the Port of Yokohama was opened on June 2, 1859. The Port of Yokohama quickly became the base for foreign trade in Japan. Many Western influences were first implemented in Yokohama, including Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870), gas-powered street lamps (1872), railway (1872), and coal burning power plant (1887).

Contents

Yokohama was nearly destroyed by the Kanto Earthquake in 1923, and by fire bombing during World War II. Today it is one of Japan’s major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba. It still boasts a large foreign population, and the largest Chinatown in Japan.

History

Until the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, and had little contact with Western foreigners, Yokohama was a small fishing village. In 1853, and again in 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and forced the ruling Tokugawa shogunate to accept. It was initially agreed that one of the ports to be opened to foreign ships would be the bustling town of Kanagawa-juku (in what is now Kanagawa Ward) on the Tōkaidō, a strategic highway which linked Edo to Kyoto and Osaka. However, the Tokugawa shogunate decided that the location of Kanagawa-juku was too close to the Tōkaidō for comfort, and port facilities were built across the inlet in the sleepy fishing village of Yokohama instead. The Port of Yokohama was opened on June 2, 1859.

The Port of Yokohama quickly became the base for foreign trade in Japan. Japan’s first English language newspaper, the Japan Herald, was first published in Yokohama in 1861. Foreigners occupied a district of the city called «Kannai» («inside the barrier»), which was surrounded by a moat, and were protected by their extraterritoriality status both within and outside the moat. Many individuals crossed the moat, causing a number of problems. The Namamugi Incident, one of the events that preceded the downfall of the shogunate, took place in what is now Tsurumi Ward in 1862. Four British subjects were on their way to visit a shrine when they failed to show proper respect to the father of the Daimyo of Satsuma, Shimazu Hisamitsu, as he was passing in the other direction with a thousand-man contingent of guards. The Britons were attacked for disrespecting Shimazu, and one of them was killed. In retaliation, British warships engaged Satsuma a year later in the Anglo-Satsuma War, a naval bombardment of Kagoshima which awoke the samurai of the Choshu region to the urgent need for modernization in Japan. Ernest Satow wrote about the incident in his A Diplomat in Japan.

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the port of Yokohama was developed for trading silk, with the main trading partner being Great Britain. Many Western influences first reached Japan in Yokohama, including Japan’s first daily newspaper (1870) and Japan’s first gas-powered street lamps (1872). Japan’s first railway was constructed in the same year to connect Yokohama to Shinagawa and Shimbashi in Tokyo. In 1887, a British merchant, Samuel Cocking, built the city’s first power plant, a coal burning plant, at first for his own use, but it became the basis for the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company. The city was officially incorporated on April 1, 1889. By the time the extraterritoriality of foreigner areas was abolished in 1899, Yokohama was the most international city in Japan, with foreigner areas stretching from Kannai to the Yamate Bluff area and the large Yokohama Chinatown.

The early twentieth century was marked by rapid growth of industry. Entrepreneurs built factories along reclaimed land to the north of the city towards Kawasaki, which eventually grew to be the Keihin Industrial Area. The growth of Japanese industry brought affluence to Yokohama, and many wealthy trading families constructed sprawling residences there, while the rapid influx of population from Japan and Korea also led to the formation of Kojiki-Yato, the largest slum in Japan at the time.

Much of Yokohama was destroyed on September 1, 1923, by the Great Kantō earthquake, killing an estimated 23,000 people within the city boundaries. In the aftermath of the quake, mass murder of Koreans by vigilante mobs, who blamed them for the earthquake, occurred in the Kojiki-yato slum, fueled by rumors of rebellion and sabotage. Martial law was in place until November 19, 1923. Rubble from the quake was used to reclaim land for parks, the most famous of which is the Yamashita Park on the waterfront which opened in 1930.

Yokohama was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again by approximately thirty U.S. air raids during World War II. An estimated 7000-8000 people were killed in a single morning on May 29, 1945, in what is now known as the Great Yokohama Air Raid, when B-29s dropped firebombs over the city and in the space of just 1 hour and 9 minutes reduced 34 percent of the city to rubble.

During the American occupation, Yokohama was a major transshipment base for American supplies and personnel, especially during the Korean War. After the occupation, most local U.S. naval activity moved from Yokohama to an American base in neighboring Yokosuka.

The city was designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956.

The city’s tram and trolleybus system was abolished in 1972, the same year as the opening of the first line of Yokohama Municipal Subway.

Construction of Minato Mirai 21 («Port Future 21»), a major urban development project on reclaimed land, started in 1983. Minato Mirai 21 hosted the Yokohama Exotic Showcase in 1989, which saw the first public operation of Maglev trains in Japan and the opening of CosmoClock 21, at the time the largest ferris wheel in the world. The 860 meter-long Yokohama Bay Bridge was also opened in 1989.

In 1993, the Yokohama Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan, was opened in Minato Mirai.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup final was held in June 2002, at the International Stadium Yokohama.

Geography

Yokohama is centered on an inlet on the western side of Tokyo Bay, 30 kilometers (18 miles) from Tokyo, to which it is connected by a half-dozen railway lines as well as expressways and surface streets, via the city of Kawasaki. Neighboring cities include Yokosuka , Kamakura, Fujisawa, Zushi, Yamato, and Machida of Tokyo.

A major industrial zone known as the Keihin Industrial Area stretches along the reclaimed coastline to the north of the central area towards Kawasaki and Tokyo beyond.

The historic port area of Kannai used to be the center of Yokohama, but the area around the transportation hub of Yokohama Station is now the most prominent commercial district. In between is a major harbor-side redevelopment called Minato Mirai 21. Much of the suburban areas are comprised of hills. A major residential development called Kohoku New Town, housing about 300,000, is located 12 km north of the city center.

Economy

The city has a strong local economic base, especially in the shipping, biotechnology, and semiconductor industries.

Places of interest

The places of interest are mainly around the historic port area of Kannai. Next to the waterfront Yamashita Park is Yokohama Marine Tower, the tallest lighthouse in the world. Further inland lies Yokohama Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in Japan and one of the largest in the world. Also in the vicinity is the Yokohama Stadium, the Silk Center, and the Yokohama Doll Museum. [2] There is also a large immigration office, near Yamashita Park. Nearby Isezakicho and Noge areas offer many colorful shops and bars and, with their restaurants and stores catering to residents from China, Thailand, South Korea, and other countries, have an increasingly international flavor. The small but fashionable Motomachi shopping area leads up to Yamate, or «The Bluff» as it used to be known, a pleasant nineteenth/early twentieth-century Westerners’ settlement overlooking the harbor, scattered with foreigners’ mansions. A foreigners’ cemetery and the Harbour View Park is in the area. The Rose Garden can be found in the park.

There are various points of interest in the futuristic Minato Mirai 21 harborside redevelopment. The highlights are the Landmark Tower, the tallest building in Japan; Queen’s Square Yokohama (a shopping mall) and the Cosmo Clock, which was the largest ferris wheel in the world when it was built in 1989 and which also doubles as «the world’s biggest clock.»

The Shin-Yokohama district, where the Shinkansen station is located, is some distance away from the harbor area, and features the 17,000 capacity Yokohama Arena, the Shin-Yokohama Raumen Museum, and Nissan Stadium, once known as the International Stadium Yokohama when it was the setting for the final for the 2002 FIFA World Cup held on June 30, 2002.

The city is also home to the Central League baseball team, the Yokohama BayStars, and the soccer teams, Yokohama F Marinos and Yokohama FC.

Politics and government

The Yokohama Municipal Assembly consists of 92 members elected from 18 Wards.

Wards

Yokohama has 18 wards (ku):

• Aoba-ku (青葉区)
• Asahi-ku (旭区)
• Hodogaya-ku (保土ヶ谷区)
• Isogo-ku (磯子区)
• Izumi-ku (泉区)
• Kanagawa-ku (神奈川区)
• Kanazawa-ku (金沢区)
• Kōhoku-ku (港北区)
• Kōnan-ku (港南区)

• Midori-ku (緑区)
• Minami-ku (南区)
• Naka-ku (中区)
• Nishi-ku (西区)
• Sakae-ku (栄区)
• Seya-ku (瀬谷区)
• Totsuka-ku (戸塚区)
• Tsurumi-ku (鶴見区)
• Tsuzuki-ku (都筑区)

Education

Public elementary and middle schools are operated by the city of Yokohama. There are nine public high schools which are operated by the Yokohama City Board of Education, and a number of public high schools which are operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education.

Yokohama National University is a leading university in Yokohama which is also one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan.

Sister cities

Yokohama has sister city agreements with 12 cities in 11 nations around the world:

• Abidjan, Ivory Coast
• Cebu City, Philippines
• Constanţa, Romania
• Frankfurt, Germany
• Lyon, France
• Manila, Philippines
• Mumbai, India
• Odessa, Ukraine
• San Diego, California, USA
• Seberang Perai, Malaysia
• Shanghai, China
• Vancouver, Canada

Notes

1. ↑Yokohama official web side Retrieved October 29, 2020.
2. ↑Yokohama Doll MuseumYokohama Official Visitors Guide. Retrieved October 28, 2020.

References

• Dodd, Jan and Simon Richmond. 2005. The Rough Guide to Japan. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1843532727
• Hall, Francis and F. G. Notehelfer. 1992. Japan Through American Eyes: The Journal of Francis Hall, Kanagawa and Yokohama, 1859-1866. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691031819
• Hammer, Joshua. 2006. Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0743264657
• Matsumura, Janice. 1998. More Than a Momentary Nightmare: The Yokohama Incident and Wartime Japan. Cornell East Asia series, 92. Ithaca, N.Y.: East Asia Program, Cornell University. ISBN 1885445520
• Rowthorn, Chris. 2005. Japan. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1740599241
• Yokohama 21st Century Forum on Brain Science in the Coming Century, and Takeshi Kato. 2000. Frontiers of the mechanisms of memory and dementia: proceedings of the 16th Yokohama 21st Century Forum on Brain Science in the Coming Century, at Viamale, Yokohama, Japan, 10-12 November 1999. International congress series, no. 1200. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 044450382X
• Yokohama Historical Property Inspection Committee. 2002. City Memories: Important Historical Structures in Yokohama. Yokohama: Yokohama Historical Property Inspection Committee.
• The Yokohama Project: Foreign Office Architects. 2002. Barcelona: Actar. ISBN 8495951185
• Yonemura, Ann. 1990. Yokohama: Prints from Nineteenth Century Japan. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. ISBN 087474993X

External links

All links retrieved May 25, 2023.

Regions
Hokkaidō · Tōhoku · Kantō · Chūbu (Hokuriku • Kōshin’etsu • Tōkai • Chūkyō) · Kansai · Chūgoku · Shikoku · Kyūshū · Ryūkyū

Prefectures
Aichi · Akita · Aomori · Chiba · Ehime · Fukui · Fukuoka · Fukushima · Gifu · Gunma · Hiroshima · Hokkaidō · Hyōgo · Ibaraki · Ishikawa · Iwate · Kagawa · Kagoshima · Kanagawa · Kōchi · Kumamoto · Kyōto · Mie · Miyagi · Miyazaki · Nagano · Nagasaki · Nara · Niigata · Ōita · Okayama · Okinawa · Ōsaka · Saga · Saitama · Shiga · Shimane · Shizuoka · Tochigi · Tokushima · Tōkyō · Tottori · Toyama · Wakayama · Yamagata · Yamaguchi · Yamanashi

Designated cities
Special wards of Tokyo · Chiba · Fukuoka · Hamamatsu · Hiroshima · Kawasaki · Kitakyushu · Kobe · Kyoto · Nagoya · Niigata · Osaka · Saitama · Sakai · Sapporo · Sendai · Shizuoka · Yokohama

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Yokohama

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Yokohama, city and port, capital of Kanagawa ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. The second most populous city in the country, it is a major component of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area, the largest urban agglomeration in Japan.

Yokohama is situated on the western coast of Tokyo Bay, about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Tokyo; the major industrial city of Kawasaki lies between the two larger metropolises. Yokohama stands on a coastal plain shut in by hills, one of which terminates toward the southeast in a promontory called Cape Hommoku. The climate is mild in winter and hot and humid in summer. Early summer and early autumn are rainy seasons; typhoons often strike in September. Area 167 square miles (433 square km). Pop. (2020) 3,777,491.

History

Yokohama was only a small fishing village when in 1854 Matthew C. Perry arrived with his fleet of U.S. naval warships at the harbour of the neighbouring town of Kanagawa. Five years later Kanagawa was designated Japan’s first port under the Harris Treaty (1858) where foreigners could reside and trade. However, Kanagawa was an important post station on the Tōkaidō, Japan’s main east-west road at the time, and the Japanese government did not want foreigners to have access to it. Instead, it established the port at Yokohama, which was isolated from the highway and had a deepwater harbour superior to that at Kanagawa.

The area flourished with the growth of Japan’s foreign trade and shipping after the Meiji Restoration (1868), and in 1889 the city of Yokohama was established through the amalgamation of Kanagawa and Yokohama. Basic municipal services (water, electricity, and gas) were installed beginning in the late 1880s. The city grew rapidly, becoming one of the country’s major ports and trading centres.

Yokohama was destroyed by the great Tokyo-Yokohama earthquake and subsequent fire in September 1923, which killed some 20,000 people. The city was rebuilt quickly, and the northwestern area was developed into a major industrial zone. The ward system of government was introduced in 1927.

Yokohama was severely damaged by Allied air raids in 1945, during World War II, but this time reconstruction was somewhat hampered by the U.S. occupation of Japan (1945–52). The pace of rebuilding quickened in the 1950s. The population, which at the end of the war was some three-fifths of what it had been in 1943, grew steadily in the early postwar years. Population growth began increasing at a faster rate after 1960, and by 1980 the city had surpassed Ōsaka to become the second largest in Japan.

The contemporary city

Yokohama and Kawasaki form the centre of the Keihin Industrial Zone. Much of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area’s heavy manufacturing is concentrated there, including shipbuilding and the production of chemicals, machinery, primary metals, petroleum products, automobiles, and fabricated metal goods. The port of Yokohama, one of the largest in Japan, handles imports of raw materials for the surrounding industrial zone and a wide range of exports.

Yokohama’s business district, containing many important banks and other businesses, is concentrated around the port. It extends southward along Yokohama Bay from the main Yokohama railway station, through the newer Minato Mirai 21 district (containing Landmark Tower), to the historic Yokohama city centre just south and east of the bay. Another business area, north of and farther inland than the original one, has emerged in the vicinity of Shin-Yokohama railway station (of the Shinkansen) and has attracted information technology and related businesses. The main Yokohama station area is the central shopping district as well as the city’s transportation hub, with several rail and subway lines passing through it. Minato Mirai 21 and the historic city centre—including Isezaki district, inland from Sakuragi-chō railway station—are also home to many businesses and shops. The industrial area is farther north along the coast, toward Kawasaki.

To the south of the business district is Yamate, a hilly residential area. Yamashita Park, which was laid out in 1925 over rubble from the 1923 quake that had been pushed into the harbour, offers a splendid view of the harbour area. A pedestrian promenade connects the park to Sakuragi-chō station. Farther south and a short way from the shore, Sankei Garden contains a collection of historic buildings (notably an ancient pagoda) that were brought from other parts of the country. Positioned on a hill above Yamashita Park is Nogeyama Park, which, with its beautiful gardens, open-air theatre, concert hall, and zoo, is one of the largest parks in the city.

Yokohama’s active cultural life is enhanced by its many public and private universities. The Kanazawa Library, founded in 1275, is renowned for its collection of historical books and documents. Yokohama’s numerous museums include those dedicated to art, literature, history, and Japanese newspapers and broadcast media. There are also museums specializing in fields closely associated with the city’s development, including ones for silk and shipping. Yokohama’s numerous theatres present everything from traditional Noh and Kabuki plays to modern drama.

Local public transportation is provided by buses and subway lines. Yokohama is connected by highways and railways with Tokyo and with other major cities of Japan. The city is served by Tokyo’s Haneda airport and the international airport at Narita, across the bay in Chiba prefecture, which is accessible via the Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway from Kawasaki to Kisarazu.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Michael Ray.